Android CursorAdapter 中的 filter 机制

CursorAdapter 类

首先我们来看一下 CursorAdapter 的继承以及实现关系:

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public abstract class CursorAdapter extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable, CursorFilter.CursorFilterClient {

}

CursorAdapter 继承自 BaseAdapter ,相信大家都可以理解。之后又实现了 Filterable 和 CursorFilter.CursorFilterClient 接口。

Filterable 的接口很简单,只有一个 getFilter() 方法,用来返回 filter 。

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public interface Filterable {
/**
* <p>Returns a filter that can be used to constrain data with a filtering
* pattern.</p>
*
* <p>This method is usually implemented by {@link android.widget.Adapter}
* classes.</p>
*
* @return a filter used to constrain data
*/
Filter getFilter();
}

而 CursorFilter.CursorFilterClient 的接口是定义在 CursorFilter 类里面的。而 CursorFilter 类是默认修饰符,也就是说我们在外部无法访问到它。

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interface CursorFilterClient {
CharSequence convertToString(Cursor cursor);
Cursor runQueryOnBackgroundThread(CharSequence constraint);
Cursor getCursor();
void changeCursor(Cursor cursor);
}

我们来看看 CursorFilterClient 接口中的抽象方法。根据方法名我们大概都能猜出该方法需要做的事情。 convertToString(Cursor cursor) 方法主要的功能就是根据传入的 cursor 参数返回某个字段;runQueryOnBackgroundThread(CharSequence constraint) 方法的意思就是根据传入的 constraint 字符序列去搜索得到 cursor;而 getCursor()就是返回 cursor;changeCursor(Cursor cursor) 就是根据传入的新的 cursor 去替换旧的 cursor 。

filter 的用法

好了,我们来想想平时我们是怎么样使用 CursorAdapter 中的 filter ?

第一步,我们会使用自定义的 adapter 继承自 CursorAdapter ,并且实现 FilterQueryProvider 和 FilterListener 接口。最后别忘了调用 setFilterQueryProvider(FilterQueryProvider filterQueryProvider) 方法。

然后,第二步我们会使用CursorAdapter的 getFilter() 方法来得到 filter 。对,没错,就是实现 Filterable 接口的那个 getFilter 方法。

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public Filter getFilter() {
if (mCursorFilter == null) {
mCursorFilter = new CursorFilter(this);
}
return mCursorFilter;
}

在 CursorAdapter 的源码中,判断了 mCursorFilter 是否为空。若为空,则创建一个新的 CursorFilter 对象。否则直接返回 mCursorFilter 。在这里要说明一下 CursorFilter 是 Filter 的子类。

而在 CursorFilter 的构造器中,主要是设置了 client (CursorAdapter 实现了 CursorFilterClient 接口)。

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CursorFilter(CursorFilterClient client) {
mClient = client;
}

在第二步得到了 filter 之后,第三步就可以使用 filter.filter(CharSequence constraint) 或者 filter.filter(CharSequence constraint, FilterListener listener) 方法了。constraint 参数就是要过滤的关键词;而 FilterListener 是一个 Filter 类的内部接口,会在过滤完成之后回调其中的 onFilterComplete(int count) 方法。

filter 的原理

大致使用 filter 的步骤就是像上面这样的了。下面我们就来揭开这其中神秘的面纱吧!

我们的入手点就是 Filter 的 filter 方法了。其中的 filter.filter(CharSequence constraint) 方法内部会调用 filter.filter(CharSequence constraint, FilterListener listener) 方法。所以我们只需要看下filter.filter(CharSequence constraint, FilterListener listener) 的源码:

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/**
* <p>Starts an asynchronous filtering operation. Calling this method
* cancels all previous non-executed filtering requests and posts a new
* filtering request that will be executed later.</p>
*
* <p>Upon completion, the listener is notified.</p>
*
* @param constraint the constraint used to filter the data
* @param listener a listener notified upon completion of the operation
*
* @see #filter(CharSequence)
* @see #performFiltering(CharSequence)
* @see #publishResults(CharSequence, android.widget.Filter.FilterResults)
*/
public final void filter(CharSequence constraint, FilterListener listener) {
synchronized (mLock) {
if (mThreadHandler == null) {
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(
THREAD_NAME, android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
thread.start();
mThreadHandler = new RequestHandler(thread.getLooper());
}

final long delay = (mDelayer == null) ? 0 : mDelayer.getPostingDelay(constraint);

Message message = mThreadHandler.obtainMessage(FILTER_TOKEN);

RequestArguments args = new RequestArguments();
// make sure we use an immutable copy of the constraint, so that
// it doesn't change while the filter operation is in progress
args.constraint = constraint != null ? constraint.toString() : null;
args.listener = listener;
message.obj = args;

mThreadHandler.removeMessages(FILTER_TOKEN);
mThreadHandler.removeMessages(FINISH_TOKEN);
mThreadHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message, delay);
}
}

从源码中我们可以看到,主要做的就是在一开始创建一个 HandlerThread 线程,并且创建了一个 RequestHandler 的对象 mThreadHandler 。之后创建了一个 RequestArguments 的对象 args,然后把 constraint 和 listener 传到 args 中去,而 RequestArguments 类还有一个成员变量就是 results ,主要用于存储 filter 过滤之后的结果,这会在下面的代码中用到。然后用 mThreadHandler 将该消息发送出去。

那么我们接下来就要来看看 RequestHandler 的源码:

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/**
* <p>Worker thread handler. When a new filtering request is posted from
* {@link android.widget.Filter#filter(CharSequence, android.widget.Filter.FilterListener)},
* it is sent to this handler.</p>
*/
private class RequestHandler extends Handler {
public RequestHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}

/**
* <p>Handles filtering requests by calling
* {@link Filter#performFiltering} and then sending a message
* with the results to the results handler.</p>
*
* @param msg the filtering request
*/
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
int what = msg.what;
Message message;
switch (what) {
case FILTER_TOKEN:
RequestArguments args = (RequestArguments) msg.obj;
try {
args.results = performFiltering(args.constraint);
} catch (Exception e) {
args.results = new FilterResults();
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "An exception occured during performFiltering()!", e);
} finally {
message = mResultHandler.obtainMessage(what);
message.obj = args;
message.sendToTarget();
}

synchronized (mLock) {
if (mThreadHandler != null) {
Message finishMessage = mThreadHandler.obtainMessage(FINISH_TOKEN);
mThreadHandler.sendMessageDelayed(finishMessage, 3000);
}
}
break;
case FINISH_TOKEN:
synchronized (mLock) {
if (mThreadHandler != null) {
mThreadHandler.getLooper().quit();
mThreadHandler = null;
}
}
break;
}
}
}

在 case FILTER_TOKEN 中我们可以看到,会先去调用 performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) 方法。而该方法在 Filter 类中是抽象方法,需要在子类中去实现。那么我们就来看看 CursorFilter 的 performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) 方法吧:

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@Override
protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) {
Cursor cursor = mClient.runQueryOnBackgroundThread(constraint);

FilterResults results = new FilterResults();
if (cursor != null) {
results.count = cursor.getCount();
results.values = cursor;
} else {
results.count = 0;
results.values = null;
}
return results;
}

performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) 方法中又会去调用 mClient 的 runQueryOnBackgroundThread(CharSequence constraint) 方法,而 mClient 就是之前的 CursorAdapter ,所以我们又要跳到 CursorAdapter 类去看相关的代码:

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/**
* Runs a query with the specified constraint. This query is requested
* by the filter attached to this adapter.
*
* The query is provided by a
* {@link android.widget.FilterQueryProvider}.
* If no provider is specified, the current cursor is not filtered and returned.
*
* After this method returns the resulting cursor is passed to {@link #changeCursor(Cursor)}
* and the previous cursor is closed.
*
* This method is always executed on a background thread, not on the
* application's main thread (or UI thread.)
*
* Contract: when constraint is null or empty, the original results,
* prior to any filtering, must be returned.
*
* @param constraint the constraint with which the query must be filtered
*
* @return a Cursor representing the results of the new query
*
* @see #getFilter()
* @see #getFilterQueryProvider()
* @see #setFilterQueryProvider(android.widget.FilterQueryProvider)
*/
public Cursor runQueryOnBackgroundThread(CharSequence constraint) {
if (mFilterQueryProvider != null) {
return mFilterQueryProvider.runQuery(constraint);
}

return mCursor;
}

我们可以看到会去调用 mFilterQueryProvider 的 runQuery(CharSequence constraint) 方法。 FilterQueryProvider 其实就是一个接口而已,当我们需要使用 filter 时就要实现该接口。在上面的 filter 用法中已经提到过了。其中的 runQuery(CharSequence constraint) 方法就是需要我们自己去实现的。当然,这里还有另外一种方法,就是不用实现 FilterQueryProvider 接口。而是在子类中去重写 runQueryOnBackgroundThread(CharSequence constraint) 方法,也是达到了一样的效果。

假定我们已经在 runQuery(CharSequence constraint) 实现了相关的操作,并且返回了查询出来的 cursor 。那样我们又要跳回到 RequestHandler 的源码中了(这里只截取部分代码,完整代码请查看上面):

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try {
args.results = performFiltering(args.constraint);
} catch (Exception e) {
args.results = new FilterResults();
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "An exception occured during performFiltering()!", e);
} finally {
message = mResultHandler.obtainMessage(what);
message.obj = args;
message.sendToTarget();
}

可以看到,这里把返回的 cursor 传给了 args.results 。并且又使用了 mResultHandler 发送了消息。这样我们又要来看一下 ResultHandler 的源码了:

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/**
* <p>Handles the results of a filtering operation. The results are
* handled in the UI thread.</p>
*/
private class ResultsHandler extends Handler {
/**
* <p>Messages received from the request handler are processed in the
* UI thread. The processing involves calling
* {@link Filter#publishResults(CharSequence,
* android.widget.Filter.FilterResults)}
* to post the results back in the UI and then notifying the listener,
* if any.</p>
*
* @param msg the filtering results
*/
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
RequestArguments args = (RequestArguments) msg.obj;

publishResults(args.constraint, args.results);
if (args.listener != null) {
int count = args.results != null ? args.results.count : -1;
args.listener.onFilterComplete(count);
}
}
}

handleMessage(Message msg) 中,调用了 publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) 方法。在 Filter 类中 publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) 又是抽象的,所以还得去 CursorFilter 类中查看相关的源码:

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@Override
protected void publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) {
Cursor oldCursor = mClient.getCursor();

if (results.values != null && results.values != oldCursor) {
mClient.changeCursor((Cursor) results.values);
}
}

源码里表示了会去调用 CursorAdapter 的 changeCursor(Cursor cursor) :

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/**
* Change the underlying cursor to a new cursor. If there is an existing cursor it will be
* closed.
*
* @param cursor The new cursor to be used
*/
public void changeCursor(Cursor cursor) {
Cursor old = swapCursor(cursor);
if (old != null) {
old.close();
}
}

changeCursor(Cursor cursor) 中,又调用了 swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) :

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/**
* Swap in a new Cursor, returning the old Cursor. Unlike
* {@link #changeCursor(Cursor)}, the returned old Cursor is <em>not</em>
* closed.
*
* @param newCursor The new cursor to be used.
* @return Returns the previously set Cursor, or null if there wasa not one.
* If the given new Cursor is the same instance is the previously set
* Cursor, null is also returned.
*/
public Cursor swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) {
if (newCursor == mCursor) {
return null;
}
Cursor oldCursor = mCursor;
if (oldCursor != null) {
if (mChangeObserver != null) oldCursor.unregisterContentObserver(mChangeObserver);
if (mDataSetObserver != null) oldCursor.unregisterDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);
}
mCursor = newCursor;
if (newCursor != null) {
if (mChangeObserver != null) newCursor.registerContentObserver(mChangeObserver);
if (mDataSetObserver != null) newCursor.registerDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);
mRowIDColumn = newCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_id");
mDataValid = true;
// notify the observers about the new cursor
notifyDataSetChanged();
} else {
mRowIDColumn = -1;
mDataValid = false;
// notify the observers about the lack of a data set
notifyDataSetInvalidated();
}
return oldCursor;
}

swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) 中主要的工作就是把 oldCursor 替换成 newCursor ,并且调用了 notifyDataSetChanged(); 来更新 ListView 。从上面的源码中还可以看到, swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) 方法中返回的 oldCursor 是没有关闭的。

完成了替换 Cursor 的工作后,我们还要回过头来看看 ResultsHandler 剩余部分的代码(只截取了部分代码):

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if (args.listener != null) {
int count = args.results != null ? args.results.count : -1;
args.listener.onFilterComplete(count);
}

可以看到,在最后回调了 FilterListener 的 onFilterComplete(int count) 方法。其中的 count 参数是查询出来结果的总数。

至此,一个完整的 filter 流程终于走完了。这其中虽然看似很绕,其实原理还是比较简单的。