2019-08-11发表Android7 分钟读完 (大约1089个字)

Android ActivityThread

启动Activity所属的应用进程

大概流程如下所示

ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked()
Process.start()
ActivityThread.main()
ActivityThread.attach()
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().attachApplication()
ActivityManagerService.attachApplication()

首先看一下startProcessLocked()方法的具体实现：

private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
        String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {
    startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr, null /* abiOverride */,
            null /* entryPoint */, null /* entryPointArgs */);
}

然后回调了其重载的startProcessLocked方法：

private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType,
        String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) {
        ...
        boolean isActivityProcess = (entryPoint == null);
        if (entryPoint == null) entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "Start proc: " +
                app.processName);
        checkTime(startTime, "startProcess: asking zygote to start proc");
        Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
                app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
                app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
        checkTime(startTime, "startProcess: returned from zygote!");
        ...
}

可以发现其经过一系列的初始化操作之后调用了Process.start方法，并且传入了启动的类名“android.app.ActivityThread”:

public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                              final String niceName,
                              int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                              int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                              int targetSdkVersion,
                              String seInfo,
                              String abi,
                              String instructionSet,
                              String appDataDir,
                              String[] zygoteArgs) {
    try {
        return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, zygoteArgs);
    } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
        Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
    }
}

然后调用了startViaZygote方法：

private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
                              final String niceName,
                              final int uid, final int gid,
                              final int[] gids,
                              int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                              int targetSdkVersion,
                              String seInfo,
                              String abi,
                              String instructionSet,
                              String appDataDir,
                              String[] extraArgs)
                              throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    synchronized(Process.class) {
        ...

        return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
    }
}

继续查看一下zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult方法的实现：

private static ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
        ZygoteState zygoteState, ArrayList<String> args)
        throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    try {
        /**
         * See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
         * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
         * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
         * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
         *
         * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
         * the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
         * indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
         */
        final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.writer;
        final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.inputStream;

        writer.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
        writer.newLine();

        int sz = args.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            String arg = args.get(i);
            if (arg.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
                        "embedded newlines not allowed");
            }
            writer.write(arg);
            writer.newLine();
        }

        writer.flush();

        // Should there be a timeout on this?
        ProcessStartResult result = new ProcessStartResult();
        result.pid = inputStream.readInt();
        if (result.pid < 0) {
            throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
        }
        result.usingWrapper = inputStream.readBoolean();
        return result;
    } catch (IOException ex) {
        zygoteState.close();
        throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(ex);
    }
}

可以发现其最终调用了Zygote并通过socket通信的方式让Zygote进程fork除了一个新的进程，并根据我们刚刚传递的”android.app.ActivityThread”字符串，反射出该对象并执行ActivityThread的main方法。这样我们所要启动的应用进程这时候其实已经启动了，但是还没有执行相应的初始化操作。

ActivityThread的main方法

为什么我们平时都将ActivityThread称之为ui线程或者是主线程，这里可以看出，应用进程被创建之后首先执行的是ActivityThread的main方法，所以我们将ActivityThread成为主线程。

这时候我们看一下ActivityThread的main方法的实现逻辑。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ...
    Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");

    Looper.prepareMainLooper();

    ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
    thread.attach(false);

    if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
        sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
    }

    if (false) {
        Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
    }

    // End of event ActivityThreadMain.
    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
    Looper.loop();

    throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}

在main方法中主要执行了一些初始化的逻辑，并且创建了一个UI线程消息队列，这也就是为什么我们可以在主线程中随意的创建Handler而不会报错的原因，这里提出一个问题，大家可以思考一下：子线程可以创建Handler么？可以的话应该怎么做？

然后执行了ActivityThread的attach方法，这里我们看一下attach方法执行了那些逻辑操作。

private void attach(boolean system) {
	...
	final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
            try {
                mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                // Ignore
            }
	...
}

刚刚已经分析过ActivityManagerNative是ActivityManagerService的Binder client，所以这里调用了attachApplication实际上就是通过Binder机制调用了ActivityManagerService的attachApplication，具体调用的过程，我们看一下ActivityManagerService是如何实现的：

@Override
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
    synchronized (this) {
        int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
        final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
    }
}

可以发现其回调了attachApplicationLocked方法，我们看一下这个方法的实现逻辑。

private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
        int pid) {

    ...
    // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
    if (normalMode) {
        try {
            if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
                didSomething = true;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
            badApp = true;
        }
    }
    ...

    return true;
}

该方法执行了一系列的初始化操作，这样我们整个应用进程已经启动起来了。

#基础

Android ActivityThread

启动Activity所属的应用进程

ActivityThread的main方法

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